CSF3 and myocardial infarction: Our results relating high enodgenous G-CSF levels and restenosis are in line with clinical studies which investigated G-CSF-treatment after myocardial infarction that demonstrated a higher rate of in-stent restenosis or had to be stopped due to a unexpectedly high rate of in-stent restenosis after G-CSF treatment.[16–19] Interestingly, in our study endogenous G-CSF levels were not associated with in-stent restenosis in patients undergoing DES implantation that may locally inhibit smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation.[20–23]