Patients with higher miR-10b level are more likely to progress, develop breast cancer metastasis.23–25 Moreover, miR-10b, expressed differentially in pancreatic cancer patients, has shown to promote pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth.26,27 High level of miR-10b may contribute to neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) tumorigenesis and progression through targeting neurofibromin and RAS signaling.28 Few researches have previously reported the relation between miR-10b expression pattern and ESCC. This evidence concerns the gene NF1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.