Low expression of miR-100 suggested a potential function on the aggressive tumor progression and unfavorable prognosis of ESCC patients.37 By contrast, upregulated miR-183 level compared with adjacent normal control tissues directly inhibits programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), which could lead to ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.38 Additionally, SOX6, a reportedly tumor suppressor, is repressed by miR-208. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD4 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.