INS and Insulin resistance: In particular, mTORC1 has a crucial role in end organ insulin uptake and its chronic activation, as shown in preclinical models, is associated with insulin resistance through ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1; Um et al, 2004; Khamzina et al, 2005; Laplante and Sabatini, 2012).