We therefore hypothesized that the serum metabolites of GT (GTM) might inhibit the uptake transport of IS and PCS across the cell membrane of renal proximal tubule mediated by OAT1 and OAT3, which in turn would lead to elevated blood levels of IS and PCS in CKD patients with lower expressions of OATs18, 19, and consequently promote the progression of CKD and CVD. Here, SLC22A8 is linked to chronic kidney disease.