In diabetes-related studies, it has been demonstrated that esculin and its metabolite esculetin inhibit formation of advanced glycation end-products formation [9], inhibit the activities of α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B [10], and have the beneficial effect against diabetes and oxidative stress-related inflammatory processes in the kidney of mice [11]. The gene discussed is PTPN1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.