HLA-E and viral infectious disease: However, HLA-E also binds peptides of diverse origins as shown by Stevens et al. (2001) through random peptide libraries and Lampen et al. (2013) who demonstrated that HLA-E presents diverse peptides even in the absence of functional TAP, this situation occurs for instance during viral infections (Ressing et al. 2005; Vambutas et al. 2001) or in cancerous tissues (Seliger et al. 1998; Seliger et al. 2000).