In the current study, inhibition of GA-induced autophagy or JNK/c-jun pathway remarkably increased GA-induced cell proliferative inhibition and apoptosis (Figure 9 and Supplementary Figure S9), suggesting GA-induced cytoprotective autophagy in NSCLC A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.