BMP7 and neoplasm: To test whether anti-tumor synergy of combination treatment in culture can be translated to in vivo treatment, we performed a proof-of-principle experiment to compare the treatment efficacy of 0.01 % DMSO (untreated), TMZ, BMP7, and combination of BMP7 and TMZ, on preventing tumor initiation and progression (enrichment of resistant clones) in animals inoculated with GSC-parental.