TGFB1 and neoplasm: Based on our new data and previously published data on LANA and viral miRNAs [24,25], we propose a model whereby KSHV latently infected cells target the TGF-β pathway and the miR17/92 cluster to protect cells from apoptosis and at the same time regulate angiogenesis through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms in both the tumor and its microenvironment.