The major regulator of the heat shock response genes is the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) which is kept in a latent state by an inhibitory complex of stress-proteins, and plays a key regulatory role in response to environmental stress, development, and many pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, ischemia-reperfusion injury, diabetes, and aging [10, 11] (Fig. 1). The gene discussed is HSF1; the disease is cancer.