For the purpose, MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (Warburg phenotype, Figure 1A) and SiHa human cervical cancer cells (oxidative phenotype, Figure 1A) were treated with dichloroacetate (DCA), a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor that enhances the oxidative activity of cells by activating pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the gate-keeping enzyme of glucose oxidation in mitochondria [16]. Here, PDP1 is linked to breast carcinoma.