Furthermore, in situ hybridisation (ISH) data showed that in seminiferous tubules with normal spermatogenesis, NLC1-C expression was predominantly found in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes (the left panel of Figure 1d), while the expression of NLC1-C was accumulated in the nucleus of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes in the testes of infertile men with mixed patterns of MA (the right panel of Figure 1d (marked with the black arrow)). This evidence concerns the gene PICSAR and Infertility.