UNG and Alzheimer disease: Previously, we measured BER activities in brain specimens from patients with AD and from normal controls, and found that several BER enzyme activities were deficient in AD brain regions, specifically uracil incision activity (i.e. enzyme activity of uracil DNA glycosylase, UDG), single nucleotide gap filling (i.e. DNA polymerase β activity), and 8-oxoG incision activity (i.e. enzyme activity of OGG1) [19]; these results were consistent with previous reports of lower UDG activity [24] and lower OGG1 activity [25] in AD brain.