In particular, high expression of ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1 (UBA1), implicated in protein catabolism and degradation, showed a striking correlation with poor relapse-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival and overall survival in breast cancer patients previously treated with chemotherapy (425, 122 and 69 patients, respectively) (Figure 7A). This evidence concerns the gene UBA1 and breast carcinoma.