F12 and breast cancer: These include (a) a breast cancer line, T-47D, which was selected owing to the fact that breast cancer patients were found to produce substances in circulation that are highly effective in inhibiting HAE3 binding of epiglycanin [12, 23], (b) a lung cancer line, A549, which is known to produce an HAE3-positive substance in cell culture, (c) a prostate cancer line, PC3, which is found to express a blood group B-related F77 glycoepitope [24, 25], and (d) a melanoma cell line SKMEL-28, which is derived from skin but not epithelial tissue.