INS and diabetes mellitus: Table 2 shows the characteristics of 100 cases and 100 age-sex-matched controls. Compared with controls, cases had a higher systolic blood pressure (P = 0.04) and a longer duration of diabetes (P = 0.04) and were more likely to have family history of diabetes (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in education, height, weight, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, smoking status, alcohol intake, insulin therapy, physical activity, and fasting blood glucose (all P > 0.05).