It was shown in multiple myeloma (MM) cells that the activity of the c-Myc IRES was dependent on the MAP kinase MNK1 (MAPK-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1) and the IRES-trans-acting factor HnRNPA1 (an RNA binding protein) (97). This evidence concerns the gene MKNK1 and AL amyloidosis.