Top up-regulated functions in the lungs of PQ-treated rats were 1) cardiovascular-cancer-respiratory, which is related to respiratory-nitric oxide synthase (NOS3), 2) clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which is regulated by AP2-associated protein kinase (AAK1), 3) immune response/oxidative stress/pulmonary hypertension, 4) non-small cell lung cancer, which comprises about 80% of all lung cancers, 5) neurotransmitter/collagen synthesis (Table 3). The gene discussed is AAK1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.