Unfortunately, the vast majority of tumour suppressor genes are embryonic lethal (for example, Rb1, Pten, Apc, Nf1, Nf2, Ptc, Vhl, Smad4, Atr, Smarca4, Arid1a, Snf5, Nkx2-1, Nkx3-1, Tsc1, Tsc2 and so on), thus leaving very few tumour suppressor genes with which to use this system (for example, p53, Cdkn2a and Atm). This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and neoplasm.