TLR4 and brain injury: Mounting data have evidenced the age-related alterations in the inflammatory response to dermal injury (Swift et al. 2001), pneumonia (van Vught et al. 2014), brain trauma (Timaru-Kast et al. 2012), fibrosis (Mahrouf-Yorgov et al. 2011; Wolf et al. 2012), acute coronary syndrome (Badran et al. 2009), etc. Therefore, the upregulation of TLR4 that initiate the inflammatory response is partially responsible for the susceptibility of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in old mice.