Thus, although the activating mutations in NOTCH1 were identified in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphoblastic leukemia, and breast cancer [21-23], the pattern of the mutations in genes that involve the NOTCH pathway suggests its potential tumor suppressing roles in ESCC, as has been reported for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and lung squamous cell carcinoma [20, 24]. Here, NOTCH1 is linked to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.