DYRK1A and Alzheimer disease: DYRK1A increased in the brains of patients with AD (Kimura et al., 2007) and DS (Ryoo et al., 2008) DYRK1A expression in DS brain correlates with 3-repeat tau levels (Shi et al., 2008; Wegiel et al., 2011) Plasma DYRK1A positively correlates with cerebrospinal fluid tau and phospho-tau in AD patients (Janel et al., 2014) Co-localization of DYRK1A with NFTs greater in AD-DS than SAD (Wegiel et al., 2008) REST levels correlate with cognitive preservation and longevity in aging and are downregulated in AD (Lu et al., 2014)