Andrea Masotti [37] outlined the challenges in diagnosing a spectrum of rare disorders of the surfactant system linked to mutations in the gene encoding the lung specific phospholipid transporter ABCA3 and Brett Garner [38] described how ABCA7 was identified as a genetic risk factor in late-onset Alzheimer's disease, presenting recent work with mouse and cell-based disease models to understand the function of ABCA7 in this context. This evidence concerns the gene ABCA7 and Alzheimer disease.