Two PD-1 antibodies were approved for advanced melanoma (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) or non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC, nivolumab) during the last 12 months by the FDA and promising data on therapy response were also shown in small patient cohorts with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) [10–12]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.