TGFB1 and neoplasm: There are many cytokines secreted by aHSCs that are associated with tumor invasion and metastasis, including HGF, EGF, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, MMP-2, MMP-9, TGF-β, TNF-α, VEGF and members of the Wnt signaling family [9, 39, 40].