IL4 and renal cell carcinoma: This same polymorphism was associated with viral persistence inhepatitis B virus infection (Saxena et al. 2014).In renal cell carcinoma, this promoter polymorphism was associated with diseasedevelopment and survival (Kleinrath et al. 2007).With respect to diseases caused by fungi, a correlation between theIL-4 gene polymorphism and high levels of vaginal IL-4 wasdemonstrated in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (Babula et al. 2004).