Given the role of cytokines in the differentiation, migration, and function of Tfh cells, the serum concentrations of nine Tfh-relevant cytokines (CXCL13, IL-21, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-10, IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-α) were assessed in HCC subjects and HC. Here, TNF is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.