TRAP1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: TRAP1 overexpression creates a resistance to stress stimuli and protects human cancer cells from apoptosis [13, 21, 23-29]; it is also associated with chemotherapy response and overall survival in ovarian and colorectal cancers [20, 30], human esophageal squamous cell cancer [31] and non–small cell lung cancer [32].