Postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes frequently have an increase in the plasma estrogens that is distinct from any coexisting adiposity and is presumably a consequence of aromatase induction by insulin [95,96], although this has not been demonstrated directly and it needs to be pointed out that in a study performed by Kalyani et al. [96] some effect persisted after adjustment not only for the BMI, but also for insulin resistance as estimated by the HOMA model. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.