TLR4 and infection: In order to assess if WNV exposure and infection, as well as unique microbial signatures, were associated with variability in the regulation of innate immune pathways, transcript levels of markers of individual pathways including Jak-STAT (HOP), Toll (REL1), and RNAi (DCR2), as well as TEP1, were quantified from Cx. pipiens pools after experimental treatments identical to those used to attain individual microbial signatures.