VEGFA and neoplasm: Results from our lab confirm the feasibility of employing acriflavine to improve PDT efficacy, as the sensitivity of A431 cells to PDT increased as a result of reduced glycolytic activity; downregulation of the HIF-1 target genes VEGF, PTGS2, and PAI1; and upregulation of EDN1. Taken together, these results illustrate the importance of HIF-1 in the protection of tumor cells from PDT (Broekgaarden, M. et al., Nano Research, in resubmission; Weijer, R. et al., Oncotarget, in resubmission).