PRKD1 and cancer: However, in various human cancer cell lines and ROS-inducing treatments, the ROS-dependent phosphorylation of IKK involves protein kinase D (PKD), sarcoma (SRC), and Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene (ABL) [174, 175], c-SRC [176], MAPK kinase (MKK)3 [177] (downstream of ASK1, Section 3.2.4), or NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) [178].