Elevated concentrations of IL-1 in vitro are toxic to neurons (Hailer et al., 2005; Ye et al., 2013), and elevation of IL-1 in vivo is associated with excessive growth of dystrophic neurites in Alzheimer’s disease models (Medel-Matus et al., 2014). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.