VEGFA and neoplasm: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key regulator in angiogenesis, also has an important role in tumour growth and metastasis (Tabernero, 2007), and expression levels of VEGF and VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) have been correlated with poor outcomes in numerous tumour types (Goel and Mercurio, 2013).