AFP and neoplasm: In model I, serum albumin levels ≤3.5 g/dL (P = 0.009), AFP >20 ng/mL (P < 0.001), tumor size >3 cm (P = 0.003), BCLC stage A2–A4 (P = 0.013), and treatment modality (resection as reference, RFA, hazard ratio, HR 1.598, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.142–2.237, and P = 0.006; TACE, HR 2.224, 95% CI: 1.507–3.282, and P < 0.001; and others, HR 3.707, 95% CI: 2.076–6.620, and P < 0.001) were the independent risk factors associated with poor overall survival (Table 2).