For additional DNA regions that were hypermethylated in breast cancer cell lines or in cancers other than breast (EN1, NFE2L3, PAX3, RFX1, SGK1, SIX3 and SOX9), significant hypermethylation was seen in the cancer tissue compared with adjacent tissue with the exceptions of SOX9 (p = 0.002) and NFE2L3 (Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene EN1 and breast carcinoma.