The other three breast cancer-associated DNA hypermethylated regions which displayed significantly more expression in breast cancers with higher levels of DNA methylation are 5.6 kb upstream of EN1, 7 kb upstream of PITX2 or 4 kb downstream of the TSS of LHX2. These genes code for homeobox-containing transcription factors important in development. This evidence concerns the gene PITX2 and breast carcinoma.