CD274 and neoplasm: For instance, adoptive transfer of ex-vivo expanded tumor-resident T cells [1], inhibition of immune escape by the PD-1/PD-L1 axis by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) [2], intra-lesional injection of an oncolytic virus [3], or enhancing T cell differentiation and depleting regulatory T cells by CTLA-4-antagonistic mAbs [4] have all shown partial and complete responses in late-stage melanoma, a positive impact on progression-free or overall survival, and long-term remission if not cure in a small proportion of patients.