The relevance of CHEK2 alterations to NHL remains unclear; however, a known increased risk of lymphoid malignancies (including childhood NHL) in patients suffering from ataxia-telangiectasia (a rare inherited cancer-prone syndrome caused by germ-line mutations in the ATM gene coding an upstream CHK2 activator) implicates CHEK2 as a gene in which hereditary alterations may modify the risk of NHL development [16, 17]. This evidence concerns the gene CHEK2 and ataxia telangiectasia.