We observed that J-Lat 9.2 cells transduced with sh143, shPromA, or dual sh143/shPromA were largely resistant to reactivation from SAHA (Figure 7c), TNF (Figure 7d), or combinations of SAHA/TNF (Figure 7e) at physiological concentrations38,39 and showed low level reactivation even at supraphysiological drug concentrations, while those transduced with a shRNA control showed highly elevated GFP expression, indicating reactivation of latent HIV-1 infection. Here, TNF is linked to HIV-1 infection.