VCAM1 and atherosclerosis: Resveratrol acts at the very early stages of atherosclerosis by increasing the hepatic uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) through an AMPK independent mechanism and by reducing the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on endothelium [41, 42].