A distinctive attribute of Pax4 is that mutations and polymorphisms in this gene are associated with both Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM and T2DM), as well as with maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in several ethnic populations2, with a strong prominence in the Asian population6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. This evidence concerns the gene PAX4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.