NSCLC patients with low TYMS expression levels showed a significant benefit when treated with pemetrexed both in time to progression (average TTP = 56 vs. 23 months, P = 0.001) and in overall survival (average OS = 60 vs. 25 months, P = 0.002) (Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene TYMS and non-small cell lung carcinoma.