Caspase-1 and 2, in particular, are implicated in inflammation,18, 19, 20 and caspase inhibitors targeting these are in clinical development.21, 22 Suppression of inflammation may, however, carry an oncogenic risk, if early events fostering tumor progression are already in process, and the caspase-dependent killing we observe is prevented. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is neoplasm.