STAT3 also inhibits HIF-1α degradation through competition with Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) for binding to HIF-1α, thus stabilising HIF-1α protein levels in tumor cells [179], and p-STAT3 is a potential regulator of HIF-1α-mediated VEGF expression in renal carcinoma cells [180]. Here, VHL is linked to renal carcinoma.