The synthetic TLR3 ligand poly (I:C) and dsRNA associated with viral infections induces the IKK-related kinase IKKε, resulting in phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and dose-dependent promoter binding of IRF3, IRF7, NF-κB, and c-Jun/AP-1 in cultured RASF [132,133]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and viral infectious disease.