We have continued these first studies on the elderly to dissect the nature of their CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to Her-2 peptides in relation to their overall survival, where we were able to show the association of certain pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells with overall survival, analogous to similar findings in melanoma [20]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is melanoma.