This suggests that IPEX-associated colitis results from autoimmune attacks rather than from defects in tolerance to the microbiota and, thus, that mechanisms other than Foxp3 Treg-dependent suppression, possibly including suppression by DP8α Tregs, are involved in human colonic homeostasis (21, 22). The gene discussed is FOXP3; the disease is immune dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-X-linked syndrome.