Based on these findings, we speculate that the expression of FAM3C may be regulated via multiple mechanisms including post-transltional modification, DNA copy number change, hypermethylation, histone deacetylation, miRNA regulation, etc. Further elucidation for the precise mechanism underlying the regulation of FAM3C expression in ESCC is required. The gene discussed is FAM3C; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.