INS and gestational diabetes: Compared to diet-treated women, women on insulin more often had an ethnic minority background (33.3 % vs. 21.6 %, p = 0.004), more often had a history of GDM (21.5 % vs. 10.4 %, p = 0.002), were more often multiparous (59.3 % vs. 47.6 %, p = 0.044) and were diagnosed with GDM earlier in pregnancy (weeks 25.3 ± 4.9 vs. 27.1 ± 3.7, p < 0.0001).