Reg1 expression has also been implicated in the islet inflammation and fibrosis associated with the development of spontaneous diabetes in GK rats [37]and we have previously reported that Reg1 expression is significantly up-regulated in patients with T2DM, and that Reg1 levels are related to the duration of the TDM [18]. The gene discussed is ZC3H12A; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.