TUBA1A and lissencephaly spectrum disorders: TUBA1A-related cortical dysgenesis typically shows a posteriorly predominant lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia (LCH), dysmorphic basal ganglia, thin or absent corpus callosum, congenital microcephaly, ventricular dilatation, and abnormalities of the hippocampus and brainstem16.