Macrophage M1/M2 state switching may be crucial in determining the tissue fate.48 High expression of M-CSF and macrophages markers in peritumoral area of hepatocellular carcinoma tissue promotes tumour recurrence and metastasis; distribution of M2 macrophages in peritumoral section is associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients.3, 49 Depletion of TAMs further improves the anti-tumour effect of sorafenib, the current first-line treatment of HCC.50 Therapeutics against M2 macrophage is no doubt, in most of the studies, benefits cancer therapy. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.